What are the steps of a giant nevi removal procedure?
先天性巨痣切除手术的步骤有哪些？

Step 1 – Anesthesia  步骤 1 – 麻醉

Medications are administered to ensure comfort during the surgical procedure. The choices include intravenous sedation and general anesthesia. Your doctor will recommend the best choice for you or your child.
在手术过程中会给予药物以确保舒适。可选择静脉镇静或全身麻醉。您的医生会为您或您的孩子推荐最合适的选择。

Step 2 – The incision
步骤 2 – 切口

The removal of a giant congenital nevus requires incisions around the edge of the visible lesion, including a small rim of normal tissue to help ensure complete removal. The involved skin will be removed full-thickness through the skin and into the subcutaneous tissues. The lesion will be sent for pathology review to ensure the lesion was benign at the time of excision. If a serial excision is planned, often the central portion of the lesion is removed initially followed by the edges at a later date.
切除先天性巨痣需要在可见病灶边缘做切口，包括一小圈正常组织以帮助确保完全切除。受累皮肤将进行全层切除，穿过皮肤并进入皮下组织。切除的病灶将送病理检查，以确证切除时病变为良性。如果计划分期切除，通常先切除病灶的中央部分，随后在以后切除边缘。

Step 3 – Closing the incisions
步骤 3 – 缝合切口

Nevus excisions can be closed with removable or absorbable sutures or staples. Typically several different layers of stitches will be used so only a portion of them may be visible at the end of the surgery, while the rest are hidden beneath the skin. The incision sites will be covered at the end with glue and/or tapes or bandages. Elastic wraps or a splint may be used as needed to further protect the incision sites.
痣切除可用可拆除或可吸收缝线或皮肤钉进行闭合。通常会使用多层不同的缝合，因此在手术结束时只有部分缝线可能可见，其余缝线隐藏在皮下。切口部位在结束时会用胶水和/或胶带或敷料覆盖。如有需要，可使用弹性绷带或夹板进一步保护切口部位。

Step 4 – See the results
第 4 步——查看结果

Surgery to remove a congenital nevus will ultimately result in a normal or near-normal contour area without the presence of the large brown lesion. Over time the associated scars will fade. Based on preoperative planning, scars should be placed in such a way as to promote normal growth and function of the involved area.
切除先天性痣的手术最终将使该区域恢复正常或接近正常的轮廓，不再出现大片棕色病变。随着时间推移，相关疤痕会逐渐淡化。根据术前计划，疤痕应放置在有利于受累区域正常生长和功能的位置。