Overview   概述

A Port-a-Cath is small medical device that is put under the skin. It is used to give medicines to patients whose veins are weak or very narrow, or for those on long-term treatment or therapy.
Port-a-Cath 是一种植入皮下的小型医疗器械。用于给予静脉脆弱或非常狭窄的患者药物，或用于需要长期治疗或疗程的患者。

A Port-a-Cath is made up of 2 parts:
Port-a-Cath 由两部分组成：

1. A soft, thin hollow plastic tube (catheter) which is tunnelled under the skin. The tip of the catheter is positioned just outside the heart.
   一根柔软、细长的空心塑料管（导管），隧道式置于皮下。导管的尖端定位在心脏外侧附近。
2. A port or disc (2.5 to 4cm in diameter), which is placed in the chest and attached to the tube.
   一个端口或圆盘（直径 2.5 至 4 厘米），放置于胸部并连接到该管。

A Port-a-Cath is the main type of central venous access device. Central venous access devices are small, flexible tubes placed in large veins for people who need frequent access to the bloodstream.
Port-a-Cath 是主要类型的中心静脉通路装置。中心静脉通路装置是放置在大静脉中的小型柔性管，用于需要频繁进入血液循环的人。

The catheter tip will lie in a vein, just above your heart, and the other end connects to the port or disk, in the chest. The Port-a-Cath looks like a small bump underneath the skin. This helps the nurse to know where to insert the needle because it can be felt under the skin.
导管末端将位于心脏上方的一条静脉中，另一端连接到胸部的端口或圆盘。Port-a-Cath 看起来像皮下的一个小隆起。这有助于护士知道在何处插入针头，因为在皮肤下可以触摸到它。

Benefits of having a Port-a-Cath
安装 Port-a-Cath 的益处

A Port-a-Cath is usually recommended for patients who regularly have chemotherapy, long-term antibiotics and infusions. A Port-a-Cath can be left in for a long time, so it can be used throughout your treatment.
通常建议定期接受化疗、长期抗生素治疗和静脉输注的患者使用 Port-a-Cath。Port-a-Cath 可以长期保留，因此可在整个治疗过程中使用。

Blood samples can be taken many times using the Port-a-Cath, without having needles repeatedly inserted into your veins every time you need treatment. This means blood can be taken with less discomfort.
可以多次通过置入的 Port-a-Cath 采血，无需在每次需要治疗时反复将针插入静脉。这意味着采血时不适会减少。

Risks of having a Port-a-Cath
置入 Port-a-Cath 的风险

Serious risks and complications of having a Port-a-Cath inserted are very rare. However, as with any procedure, there are some risks and it is important you understand them. The radiologist will explain these to you.
置入 Port-a-Cath 的严重风险和并发症非常罕见。然而，与任何手术一样，仍存在一些风险，您需要了解这些风险。放射科医师会向您解释这些情况。

Radiation risks   辐射风险

During the procedure, you are exposed to X-rays. They are a type of radiation called ionising radiation. This may cause cancer many years or decades after you are exposed to it.
在操作过程中，您会暴露于 X 射线下。X 射线是一种称为电离辐射的辐射类型。多年来或数十年后，暴露于此可能导致癌症。

You might have some skin redness after the procedure that feels like sunburn. The redness might be harder to notice on brown and black skin. This is not usually permanent.
术后皮肤可能会有类似晒伤的发红感。在棕色和黑色皮肤上，这种发红可能不易察觉。通常不会是永久性的。

Interventional radiology (IR) is when we use medical imaging guidance to do minimally invasive procedures. The dose (amount) of radiation from these procedures is generally low. More complex procedures might involve a medium (moderate) dose of radiation.
介入放射学（IR）是指在医学影像引导下进行微创操作。这些操作产生的放射剂量（量）通常较低。更复杂的操作可能涉及中等剂量的辐射。

The IR doctor and radiographer make sure that:
介入放射科医生和放射技师会确保：

• your radiation dose is kept as low as possible
  您的辐射剂量被尽可能降低
• the benefits of having X-rays during your procedure are greater than the radiation risks
  在您的手术中使用 X 光的益处大于辐射风险

Infection  感染

There is a chance of getting a skin infection, or an infection within your bloodstream. We can treat these with antibiotics. In extreme cases, we might need to remove your Port-a-Cath.
有可能出现皮肤感染或血流内感染。我们可以用抗生素治疗。在极端情况下，可能需要取出您的 Port-a-Cath。

Scarring  瘢痕

You will have 2 permanent, small scars on your skin, where the Port-a-Cath was inserted:
在皮肤上会留下两个永久的小瘢痕，位于 Port-a-Cath 植入处：

• a 2cm to 3cm scar in the chest wall
  胸壁上约 2 厘米到 3 厘米的瘢痕
• a scar at the base of the neck, which is usually less than 5mm
  颈部基底处的瘢痕，通常小于 5 毫米

Bruising  淤青

You might have some bruising on your skin in the area the Port-a-Cath was inserted. This is quite common and normally settles a few days after the procedure.
您在植入 Port-a-Cath 的部位皮肤上可能会出现一些淤青。这种情况很常见，通常在手术后几天内消退。

Thrombosis or clot  血栓或凝块

Sometimes a clot of blood can form at the tip of the Port-a-Cath. To prevent this, a blood thinning solution can be locked inside the port and the catheter when it is not in use.
有时 Port-a-Cath 的导管末端可能会形成血栓。为预防这种情况，可在不使用时将抗凝溶液注入端口和导管内进行封锁。

Lung puncture  肺穿刺

This happens when the lung is accidentally punctured during the procedure. It is very rare and happens to 1 in 1,000 patients. If this happens, we might keep you in hospital for a few days until the lung has healed.
这是在操作过程中意外刺破肺部时发生的情况。这种情况非常罕见，发生率为每 1000 名患者中有 1 例。如果发生这种情况，我们可能会让您在医院住几天，直到肺部愈合为止。

Radiation and pregnancy  放射线与怀孕

Radiation can be harmful for an unborn baby. If you are or think that you might be pregnant, it is important to tell a member of your medical team before the procedure. We cannot do any procedure that involves radiation if you are pregnant.
放射线可能对未出生的婴儿有害。如果您怀孕或怀疑自己可能怀孕，术前务必告知医疗团队成员。如果您怀孕，我们不能进行任何涉及放射线的检查或操作。

If you can become pregnant from sex, you need to use protection (contraception) from the first day of your period until your appointment. This means that you will not be pregnant when you have the procedure.
如果您有可能通过性行为怀孕，则需要从月经的第一天起直到预约当天都使用避孕措施（避孕）。这意味着在进行手术/操作时您不会怀孕。

If the first day of your period has already passed, please contact the interventional radiology (IR) department. We can then give you another appointment within the first 10 days of your period.
如果你的月经第一天已经过去，请联系介入放射科（IR）。我们可以在你下次月经的前 10 天内为你重新安排预约。

We ask you to sign a pregnancy declaration form before the procedure.
在手术前我们会请你签署一份妊娠声明表。

Other treatment options  其他治疗选择

The other treatment option would be repeatedly inserting needles to the vein every time you have treatment.
另一种治疗选择是每次治疗时反复在静脉处穿刺插针。

Some treatments need access to larger veins, so for these treatments there is no alternative to a Port-a-Cath.
有些治疗需要通入较大的静脉，因此对于这些治疗而言，Port-a-Cath 别无替代。

Giving your permission (consent)
给予您的许可（同意）

We want to involve you in decisions about your care and treatment. If you decide to have the procedure or treatment, we will ask you to sign a consent form. This says that you understand what is involved and agree to have the treatment.
我们希望让您参与有关护理和治疗的决策。如果您决定接受该手术或治疗，我们会请您签署一份同意书。该同意书表明您了解所涉及的内容并同意接受该治疗。

Read more about our consent process.
阅读有关我们同意流程的更多信息。