Cataract surgery   白内障手术

At the Western Eye Hospital we offer a one-stop clinic for cataract surgery. This means we can diagnose cataracts, assess you for surgery and plan your operation all in one appointment. Most of our straightforward patients go from referral to cataract surgery within four weeks. We offer monofocal or toric lenses for NHS cataract surgery. Speak to your optometrist or GP about your options for treatment at the Western Eye Hospital.
在西方眼科医院，我们提供一站式白内障手术门诊。这意味着我们可以在一次预约中诊断白内障、评估您是否适合手术并规划手术。对于大多数情况简单的患者，从转诊到白内障手术通常在四周内完成。我们为 NHS 白内障手术提供单焦点或散光矫正（toric）晶状体。请与您的验光师或全科医生讨论在西方眼科医院的治疗选择。

This page has been designed to give you information about your cataract surgery at the Western Eye Hospital. We hope it will answer some of the questions that you or those who care for you may have at this time. It is not meant to replace the discussion between you and your medical team but aims to help you understand more about what is discussed. If you have any questions about the information below contact us.
本页旨在向您提供有关在西区眼科医院进行白内障手术的信息。我们希望它能解答您或您的照护者在此时可能提出的一些问题。该资料并非用于替代您与医疗团队之间的讨论，而是帮助您更好地理解讨论内容。如果您对以下信息有任何疑问，请与我们联系。

Why do I need cataract surgery?
为什么我需要接受白内障手术？

A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens of your eye and affects your eyesight. It can occur in most people as they age.
白内障是眼睛天然晶状体的混浊，会影响视力。随着年龄增长，大多数人可能会发生白内障。

When the cataract has reached a stage where your vision is affected significantly, the only treatment option is cataract surgery. Cataract surgery involves removing the cloudy layers of the lens and replacing these with a clear artificial lens implant.
当白内障发展到显著影响视力的阶段时，唯一的治疗方法是白内障手术。白内障手术包括去除晶状体的混浊部分，并用一个清晰的人造晶状体植入物替代这些混浊组织。

An ophthalmic (eye) surgeon will carry out your operation. This is a doctor who has already spent several years training and has a lot of experience in treating eye problems. A doctor who is still in training may carry out part or all of your operation under the supervision of a more experienced surgeon.
你的手术将由一位眼科（眼睛）外科医生来实施。这是一位已经完成多年培训并在治疗眼部疾病方面拥有丰富经验的医生。仍在培训的医生可能会在更有经验的外科医生的监督下，执行你手术的一部分或全部。

What are the benefits of cataract surgery?
白内障手术的好处有哪些？

The main benefit is clearer sight and an improvement in your colour vision, as things will seem less yellow.
主要好处是视力更清晰，色觉有所改善，事物看起来不那么发黄。

Most people find that their sight improves considerably after surgery.
大多数人在手术后会发现视力显著改善。

You will need to get a new prescription for your glasses four to six weeks after your operation, although in some cases, off-the-shelf ready-made reading glasses of +2.00 or +3.00 dioptres may be adequate for reading purposes.
手术后四到六周您需要配一副新的眼镜处方，尽管在某些情况下，市售现成的+2.00 或+3.00 屈光度老花镜足以用于阅读。

If you have another medical condition, such as diabetes, glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration, your vision may still be limited, even if the operation to remove the cataract is successful.
如果您有其他疾病，例如糖尿病、青光眼或年龄相关性黄斑变性，即使白内障摘除手术成功，您的视力仍可能受到限制。

Please note that your vision may not be completely clear immediately after the operation but may take up to four weeks and in some cases longer to improve.
请注意，手术后您的视力可能不会立即完全清晰，可能需要最多四周，有时更长时间才能改善。

You cannot develop cataract again after cataract surgery. However, it is common to develop capsule opacity (thickening of the membrane that houses the new lens) several months to years after surgery, which can cause blurry vision and is rectified by a 20-minute outpatient laser procedure.
白内障手术后您不会再次发生白内障。然而，在术后数月到数年内常见发生后囊混浊（包裹新晶状体的囊膜增厚），可导致视力模糊，此情况可通过一次约 20 分钟的门诊激光手术来矫正。

What is required before cataract surgery?
白内障手术前需要做什么？

• Before surgery, you will have a pre-operative assessment. This is needed to check you are suitable for the procedure from a health perspective. Please ensure you bring the names of your current medication. At the pre-assessment, measurements will also be taken from your eye (biometry) to determine what the replacement lens power will be.
  在手术前，您将接受一次术前评估。这是为了从健康角度检查您是否适合该手术。请务必携带您当前所用药物的名称。在术前评估时，还会对您的眼睛进行测量（生物测量），以确定置换人工晶状体的屈光度数。
• Your pre-operative assessment may be on the same day as your appointment. Depending on the findings, you may be asked to see your GP for better control of your blood pressure or diabetes if you have these conditions. Or you may be asked to return for further tests or another consultation with your surgeon.
  您的术前评估可能与您的预约在同一天进行。根据评估结果，如果您有高血压或糖尿病，可能会被要求先就诊您的 GP 以便更好地控制血压或血糖；或者您可能会被要求返回进行进一步检查或与您的外科医生再次会诊。
• If your blood pressure (BP) at the pre-operative assessment is  160/100 it is likely that you will be discharged back to your GP. Your GP will be advised to ensure your BP is better controlled, then refer you to us for cataract surgery again.
  如果您在术前评估时的血压（BP）≥160/100，很可能会被转回由全科医生（GP）管理。我们会建议您的 GP 确保护您的血压得到更好控制，然后再将您转诊回来接受白内障手术。
• If your random blood sugar level is > 10mM or your HbA1C is greater than 69mmol/mol it is likely that you will be discharged back to your GP. Your GP will be advised to ensure your blood sugar is better controlled, then refer you to us for cataract surgery again.
  如果您的随机血糖水平 > 10 mM 或您的 HbA1C 大于 69 mmol/mol，您很可能会被送回您的全科医生处。我们会建议您的全科医生确保您的血糖得到更好的控制，然后再将您转诊回我们处进行白内障手术。

What types of replacement lenses are available?
有哪些类型的替代晶状体可供选择？

• Monofocal lenses: These are the most common type of replacement lenses used in the NHS. They are designed to improve either distance or near vision but not both.
  单焦点人工晶状体：这是 NHS 最常使用的替代晶状体类型。它们旨在改善远视力或近视力中的一种，但不能同时改善两者。
• Toric lenses: These lenses are designed to improve astigmatism in the eye if present. Astigmatism is where the eye is more curved in one direction compared to the other. Some NHS centres including ours use these lenses in select cases if the criteria for their use is met. Additional tests are needed to determine if they are a suitable choice.
  散光型人工晶状体：如果存在散光，这类晶状体旨在改善眼睛的散光。散光是指眼球在一个方向的曲率比另一个方向更大。包括我们在内的一些 NHS 中心在符合使用条件的选择性病例中使用这些晶状体。需要额外检查以确定它们是否为合适选择。
• Multifocal lenses: These lenses are designed to improve distance as well as reading vision. There are various types available including toric versions and there are specific criteria that need to be met for their use. This lens type is not available on the NHS at the present time.
  多焦点晶状体：这些晶状体旨在改善远视和阅读视力。有多种类型可供选择，包括散光矫正（球面或柱面）版本，并且其使用需要满足特定条件。目前此类晶状体在 NHS 上不可用。

NB: Please note that regardless of lens type used, glasses may still be required to optimise vision either for distance or near vision, or both. We recommend getting a formal assessment with your optician 4 to 6 weeks after surgery.
注意：请注意，无论使用何种类型的人工晶状体，仍可能需要配戴眼镜以优化远视或近视视力，或两者兼顾。我们建议在术后 4 至 6 周到验光师处进行正式评估。

Are there any risks associated with this operation?
此手术是否存在任何风险？

Complications are rare and, in most cases, can be treated effectively with drops or additional surgery, or both.
并发症罕见，并且在大多数情况下可通过滴眼药水或额外手术，或两者结合有效治疗。

In a small number of patients, further surgery, or other treatment, may be necessary.
少数患者可能需要进一步手术或其他治疗。

Very rarely (for about one in every 1,000 patients), complications can result in blindness.
极少见情况下（大约每 1,000 名患者中有 1 例），并发症可导致失明。

Possible complications after the operation include:
术后可能的并发症包括：

• bruising of the eye or eyelids
  眼球或眼睑挫伤
• high pressure inside the eye, causing pain and blurred vision
  眼内高压，导致疼痛和视力模糊
• clouding of the cornea, causing blurred vision
  角膜混浊，导致视力模糊
• unexpected vision correction outcome after surgery (refractive surprise) or movement of the implant from the correct position
  术后视力矫正结果不如预期（屈光意外）或植入物从正确位置移位
• swelling of the retina (macular oedema), causing blurred vision
  视网膜肿胀（黄斑水肿），导致视力模糊
• detached retina (where the retina separates from the wall of the eye), which may require surgery
  视网膜脱离（视网膜与眼球壁分离），可能需要手术治疗
• infection in the eye
  眼内感染
• allergy to the eye drops used after the operation
  对手术后使用的眼药水过敏

Are there alternatives to this treatment?
有什么替代该治疗的方法吗？

Early cataracts are treated with glasses, but when they develop further, surgery is the only treatment.
早期白内障可通过配镜治疗，但如果进一步发展，手术是唯一的治疗方法。

Without the operation, your vision will gradually deteriorate further, but you are unlikely to have other problems.
如果不进行手术，您的视力会逐渐进一步恶化，但不太可能出现其他并发症。

Is there anything I should do to prepare for my operation?
我需要为手术做什么准备吗？

Unless you have been told otherwise, please take all your usual medication on the day of surgery, especially your BP medication! If your BP is too high on the day of surgery your surgery may be cancelled.
除非另有通知，请在手术当天照常服用所有平常的药物，尤其是降血压药！如果您在手术当天血压过高，手术可能会被取消。

Similarly, if your blood glucose is too high on the day of surgery, your surgery will likely be cancelled.
同样，如果您在手术当天血糖过高，手术很可能会被取消。

If you are having a local anaesthetic (which is the case for 95 per cent of patients), you can eat and drink as normal. If you are having sedation or a general anaesthetic, you will need to fast for six hours before your surgery.
如果您接受局部麻醉（95%的患者属于此情况），可以照常进食和饮水。如果您接受镇静或全身麻醉，需在手术前禁食六小时。

What happens on the day of my operation?
我的手术当天会发生什么？

On the day of your surgery, you will be asked to attend the day-case unit on the 4th floor of the Western Eye Hospital or the Riverside Wing if your surgery is at Charing Cross Hospital.
在手术当天，若在西区眼科医院（Western Eye Hospital）手术，您将被要求到四楼的日间手术单元；如果在查令十字医院（Charing Cross Hospital）手术，则到河畔楼（Riverside Wing）。

If you are having a general anaesthetic, you will be asked to attend Alex Cross Ward on the 2nd floor at the Western Eye Hospital.
如果您接受全身麻醉，需到西区眼科医院二楼的 Alex Cross 病房报到。

• The nurses will check you in and carry out all the pre-operation tasks, including measuring your BP and blood glucose level if you are diabetic. The nurse then administers the medication (drops or pellet) to dilate (enlarge) your pupils ready for the surgery.
  护士会为您办理签到并完成所有术前工作，包括如果您患有糖尿病，会为您测量血压和血糖水平。随后护士会给您滴用或置入药物（滴眼液或小药丸）以扩瞳，使瞳孔扩大以准备手术。
• The surgical team will also see you before surgery to check everything is in order and answer any questions or queries that you may have.
  手术团队也会在手术前来看您，核对一切是否就绪，并回答您可能有的任何问题或疑虑。
• When the time comes for your surgery, you will be taken to the operating theatre where we will check your details again.
  当到您手术时间时，会将您送入手术室，我们会再次核对您的信息。
• The appropriate anaesthetic will then be given to you. This is usually just anaesthetic eye drops administered beforehand with additional anaesthetic given inside the eye during the operation. In some cases, you may be given an injection around the outside of the eye (called a sub-tenon's injection) before the operation.
  随后会给予适当的麻醉。通常仅在术前使用麻醉滴眼液，并在手术过程中在眼内给予额外的麻醉。在某些情况下，术前可能会在眼球外侧注射麻醉（称为巩膜下十字膜下注射 / sub-Tenon 注射）。
• The operation takes about 30 minutes to complete. If you need to cough or adjust your position during the operation, please warn your surgeon. We will then take you back to the day-case unit.
  手术大约需要 30 分钟完成。如果您在手术过程中需要咳嗽或调整体位，请告知您的主刀医生。然后我们会把您送回日间手术病房。

Please eat and drink as normal after your surgery.
手术后请照常饮食。

How will I feel after the operation?
手术后我会有什么感觉？

You may notice a dull ache or bruising sensation around your eye after surgery. This usually settles over one to two days. Your eye may also be redder than usual after your surgery. This gradually settles over seven to ten days.
手术后您可能会感觉眼周有隐痛或淤伤般的感觉。这通常在一到两天内缓解。手术后眼睛也可能比平时更红，这会在七到十天内逐渐消退。

When can I go home?
我什么时候可以回家？

Most patients go home the day of their surgery. You can go home once the nurses have checked you over and you have received your medications.
大多数患者在手术当天回家。护士在为您做完检查并发放了药物后，您就可以回家。

It is very rare that you would have to stay overnight in hospital, even if you are having a general anaesthetic.
即使您接受全身麻醉，也极少需要在医院过夜。

On the day of your surgery, you can expect to be in the hospital for around four to five hours.
在手术当天，您预计在医院停留大约四到五个小时。

How do I care for my eye at home?
我在家中应如何护理眼睛？

Immediately after your operation, a pad or shield will be put over your eye to protect it from any accidental rubbing or knocks.
手术后立即会在您的眼睛上盖上眼垫或护罩，以防止意外揉搓或碰撞。

You should remove the pad or shield the morning after your operation and, if necessary, clean your eyelids and the surrounding skin with a tissue or cotton wool dipped in clean, warm water.
您应在手术后次晨取下眼垫或护罩，如有必要，可用蘸有干净温水的纸巾或棉球清洁眼睑及周围皮肤。

If you notice increasing pain, redness or reduced vision following surgery, please contact us on the numbers below.
如果在手术后出现疼痛加重、发红或视力下降，请通过以下号码与我们联系。

If you have any pain or discomfort during the evening after your operation, you should take a painkiller such as paracetamol every four to six hours.
如果在手术后当晚感到任何疼痛或不适，应每四到六小时服用一次止痛药，例如对乙酰氨基酚（paracetamol）。

It is normal for your eyes to feel itchy or sticky with some mild discomfort and watery discharge for a few days after your operation.
在手术后几天内，眼睛感到发痒或黏滞，有轻微不适和流泪分泌物属正常现象。

Eye drops  眼药水

Please make sure that you use the eye drops prescribed by the doctor, as they will help to prevent infection and reduce irritation.
请确保使用医生开具的眼药水，因为它们有助于预防感染并减轻刺激。

1. You should start using the drops the morning after your operation, following the instructions below.
   手术后的第二天早上开始使用眼药水，按照以下说明操作。
2. Wash and dry your hands thoroughly before touching your eye or putting your drops in.
   在接触眼睛或滴药之前，请彻底洗净并擦干双手。
3. Tilt your head back, and using one finger, gently pull your lower eyelid down.
   将头向后仰，用一根手指轻轻向下拉下眼睑。
4. Keeping your head tilted, look up and gently squeeze the eye dropper until a drop falls inside the lower lid. If you did not feel the drop go in, try again. Do not let the dropper touch the eye.
   保持头部后仰，向上看并轻轻挤压滴眼瓶，直到一滴落入下眼睑内。如果没有感觉到药滴进入，请再试一次。不要让滴管触及眼睛。

Use the drops four times a day, or as prescribed. You may find it easier to remember if you put them in at the same times each day. You should continue to use them for at least four weeks after your operation or until your doctor tells you to stop.
每日滴用四次，或按医嘱使用。你可以在每天相同时间滴药，这样更容易记住。应至少在术后继续使用四周，或直到医生告诉你可以停止为止。

Is there anything I need to avoid?
我需要避免什么吗？

Be very careful for the next three weeks after your operation.
在术后接下来的三周内要非常小心。

Do not:  不要：

• rub your eye  揉擦你的眼睛
• let soap or shampoo get into your eyes. It might be safer to put your head back when washing your hair (or ask someone to help you) for the first week after your operation
  让肥皂或洗发水进入你的眼睛。手术后的第一周，洗头时把头向后仰（或请别人帮忙）可能更安全
• drive until you are advised you can. You can see your optometrist 1 week after surgery to confirm whether you can drive
  在被告知可以开车之前不要驾驶。手术后 1 周你可以去验光师处确认是否可以开车
• go to work until you feel comfortable to do so (usually within a week)
  在你觉得舒适之前不要上班（通常在一周内）
• do any heavy housework or strenuous exercise, or go swimming
  不要做繁重的家务或剧烈运动，也不要去游泳
• knock your eye when putting on your glasses
  戴眼镜时不要碰到眼睛
•  

Do:  请：

• read, write, watch television and use a computer
  阅读、写字、看电视和使用电脑
• bathe or shower as usual
  像平常一样洗澡或淋浴
• be careful going up or down stairs
  上下楼梯时要小心
• go out for walks, do light shopping and cooking
  外出散步，做轻度购物和烹饪
• wear the plastic shield at night for one week, using thin sticky tape or sellotape to hold it in place
  夜间佩戴塑料护罩一周，可用薄胶带或透明胶带将其固定在适当位置
• use your old glasses if they help. You will need new lenses in your glasses when your eye has healed, four to six weeks after surgery
  如果有帮助，请继续使用你原来的眼镜。手术后眼睛愈合后（约四到六周），你将需要在眼镜中配新镜片
• wear ordinary sunglasses or your old glasses if your eyes are sensitive to bright light or windy weather
  如果你的眼睛对强光或风天敏感，可以戴普通太阳镜或你原来的眼镜

Will I need to visit the hospital again?
我是否需要再次到医院复诊？

Yes. We will send you an appointment to attend the eye clinic one to four weeks after your operation.
需要。我们会在术后 1 到 4 周内给你寄出眼科门诊的预约单，安排你来就诊。

At this appointment, we will tell you when to stop using your eye drops and when to go to the optician for new glasses. If you wish to have surgery to your other eye, you will be put on the waiting list at this appointment. Many patients can wait until after they have had surgery to both eyes, before seeing the optician for new glasses.
在此预约中，我们会告知您何时停止使用眼药水以及何时前往验光师配新眼镜。如果您希望对另一只眼睛进行手术，您将在此预约时被列入等待名单。许多患者会选择在双眼手术都完成后再去验光师配新眼镜。

Department of ophthalmology
眼科科室
Published: November 2023
发布：2023 年 11 月
Review date: November 2026
审核日期：2026 年 11 月
Reference no: 1150  参考编号：1150