MRI scan  磁共振成像（MRI）扫描

MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. An MRI scan is a type of test that creates detailed images of the inside of your body. It uses a powerful magnet and radio waves and is often used to diagnose or monitor a condition.
MRI 是磁共振成像的缩写。磁共振成像检查是一种能够创建体内详细图像的检查。它使用强大的磁场和无线电波，常用于诊断或监测疾病状况。

What is an MRI scan used for?
MRI 检查有什么用途？

An MRI scan can be used to look at almost any part of your body. It can detect many problems such as inflammation, tumours or a torn ligament. The pictures created by an MRI scanner can help to show up differences between healthy and unhealthy tissue.
MRI 可以用于检查身体几乎任何部位。它能检测许多问题，例如炎症、肿瘤或韧带撕裂。MRI 扫描仪生成的图像有助于显示健康组织与异常组织之间的差异。

In particular, an MRI scan can be used to diagnose or monitor:
具体而言，MRI 检查可用于诊断或监测：

• conditions that affect your brain, spine and nervous system, such as such as brain tumours, spinal disc problems, and multiple sclerosis
  影响大脑、脊柱和神经系统的疾病，例如脑肿瘤、椎间盘问题和多发性硬化症
• heart conditions such as valve problems
  心脏疾病，例如瓣膜问题
• problems with your blood vessels, such as narrowing of your arteries or risk of rupture (bursting)
  血管问题，例如动脉狭窄或破裂（rupture）的风险
• cancer  癌症
• liver or kidney disease
  肝脏或肾脏疾病
• conditions or injuries that affect your joints, ligaments or muscles such as arthritis or sports injuries
  影响关节、韧带或肌肉的疾病或损伤，例如关节炎或运动损伤
• bowel conditions such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
  肠道疾病，例如克罗恩病或溃疡性结肠炎

Who can have an MRI scan?
谁可以接受 MRI 扫描？

An MRI scan has lots of benefits but it isn’t suitable for everyone. The magnetic field from an MRI scanner affects some metals, including those used for surgical clips or pins. If you’ve had surgery that left metals inside your body, it’s important to tell your radiographer (a healthcare professional who specialises in imaging). This is because the magnets can make the metal move, which could damage nearby tissues.
MRI 扫描有许多优点，但并不适合所有人。MRI 扫描仪产生的磁场会影响某些金属，包括用于手术夹或钢钉的金属。如果您曾接受过手术且体内残留金属，告知影像技师（专门从事影像学的医疗专业人员）非常重要。这是因为磁体可能会使金属移动，从而损伤附近组织。

The magnetic field from the MRI may also affect electronic implants such as pacemakers. This may mean the devices don’t work properly or may heat up, which could be dangerous. You can’t usually have an MRI scan if you have:
MRI 的磁场也可能影响电子植入物，例如起搏器。这可能导致这些设备无法正常工作或发热，可能存在危险。通常如果您有以下情况，不能接受 MRI 扫描：

• a heart pacemaker or defibrillator (a device that keeps your heart rhythm regular)
  心脏起搏器或除颤器（用于维持心律规则的装置）
• an inner-ear hearing aid (cochlear implant)
  内耳助听器（人工耳蜗植入物）
• an aneurysm clip (a metal clip on an artery in your brain)
  动脉瘤夹（用于脑动脉的金属夹）

If you’re pregnant, you won’t usually be offered an MRI scan, especially during the first three months. Doctors don’t know for sure if the magnetic field of an MRI could affect your unborn baby. But if you’re pregnant or think you may be, tell your radiographer before your MRI appointment. If you do need to have an MRI scan while you’re pregnant, the scan will be done in a way that reduces any risk to your baby.
如果你怀孕，通常不会被建议做核磁共振扫描（MRI），尤其是在前三个月内。医生尚不确定 MRI 的磁场是否会影响未出生的婴儿。但如果你怀孕或认为自己可能怀孕，请在 MRI 预约前告知放射技师。如果确实需要在怀孕期间进行 MRI 扫描，扫描会以减少对婴儿任何风险的方式进行。

If you’re claustrophobic, tell your doctor. You may find it difficult to have an MRI scan because the machine is shaped like a tunnel, but there are things that can help, such as taking deep breaths, listening to music, or in some cases, taking a sedative. In some locations, open scanners are available for patients whose claustrophobia cannot be managed.
如果你有幽闭恐惧症，请告知你的医生。由于机器呈隧道形，你可能会觉得难以接受 MRI 扫描，但有一些方法可以帮助，比如深呼吸、听音乐，或在某些情况下服用镇静剂。在一些地点，对于无法通过其他方法缓解的幽闭恐惧症患者，也提供开放式扫描仪。

Preparing for an MRI scan
为 MRI 扫描做准备

Before the day of your MRI scan
在 MRI 扫描当天之前

Before having an MRI scan, you should be able to eat, drink and take any medicines as usual. But your radiographer will give you specific instructions.
在接受 MRI 扫描前，你应照常进食、饮水并按时服药。但放射技师会给你具体指示。

If you wear stick-on medicine patches, you may need to take these off before having an MRI scan, so take a spare one to the hospital. This is because some patches contain metal and may heat up during the scan.
如果你贴有贴剂药物，可能需要在进行 MRI 扫描前将其取下，所以请带一片备用贴剂到医院。这是因为某些贴剂含有金属，扫描过程中可能会发热。

On the day of your MRI scan
在你接受 MRI 扫描的当天

At the hospital, your radiographer will ask you to complete and sign a safety questionnaire. You’ll be asked if you’re pregnant or have any medical conditions. You’ll also be asked if you have any metal or electronic implants because these may cause problems during your MRI scan.
在医院，放射技师会要求你填写并签署一份安全问卷。会询问你是否怀孕或有任何疾病。还会询问你是否有任何金属或电子植入物，因为这些可能在 MRI 扫描过程中引起问题。

Your radiographer will go through a checklist of metal items that you may have inside your body. Having something metallic in your body doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t have an MRI scan. But your radiographer does need to know, so they can make the right safety decisions.
你的放射技师会核查你体内可能存在的金属物品清单。体内有金属并不一定意味着你不能接受 MRI 检查。但放射技师需要知道这些情况，以便做出正确的安全决定。

Before you go into the scanning room, you’ll probably be asked to undress down to your underwear and put on a hospital gown. You’ll probably be asked to remove your:
在进入扫描室之前，你可能会被要求脱掉衣物只剩内衣，并穿上医院衣。你可能会被要求取下：

• underwired bra (which usually contains metal)
  有钢圈的胸罩（通常含有金属）
• jewellery (including piercings)
  首饰（包括穿刺饰物）
• watch  手表
• metal hairclips  金属发夹
• dentures with metal parts
  带金属部件的假牙
• glasses and hearing aids if you wear them
  如果佩戴，请戴上眼镜和助听器
• make-up, especially eye make-up, which can contain metal fibres
  化妆品，尤其是眼部化妆品，可能含有金属纤维

Tell the radiographer if you have any tattoos, especially if they’re on the part of your body that’s being scanned. Your tattoo may need to be covered with a cold compress or ice pack during the scan. This is because tattoos can heat up if they contain any metal.
如果你有任何纹身，尤其是在将要被扫描的身体部位，一定要告诉放射技师。扫描过程中可能需要用冷敷或冰袋覆盖你的纹身，因为纹身如果含有金属可能会发热。

Don't take any electronic or metal items, such as your keys, mobile phone or credit cards, with you into the scanning room. A friend or relative may be able to stay with you during the scan. They’ll also have to leave any metal or electronic items behind, and complete and sign a safety questionnaire.
不要把任何电子或金属物品带进扫描室，例如钥匙、手机或信用卡。你的朋友或亲属可以在扫描期间陪伴你，但他们也必须将所有金属或电子物品留下，并填写并签署一份安全问卷。

Young children and people with claustrophobia may be offered a sedative or a general anaesthetic before an MRI scan. This means they’ll be drowsy or asleep during the procedure, which will help them to lie still.
幼儿和有幽闭恐惧症的人在 MRI 扫描前可能会被给予镇静剂或全身麻醉。这意味着他们在检查过程中会感到昏昏欲睡或处于睡眠状态，这有助于他们保持静止。

Before you have an MRI scan with a dye
在进行含造影剂的 MRI 扫描前

If you’re having an MRI scan that uses a dye (contrast medium), your doctor may need to inject this before or during your scan. Where it’s injected will depend on which part of your body needs scanning and why. You may need a blood test before your scan to check the dye is right for you.
如果您要进行使用造影剂（对比剂）的 MRI 扫描，医生可能需要在扫描前或扫描过程中注射该造影剂。注射部位将取决于需要扫描的身体部位及扫描目的。您可能需要在扫描前进行血液检查以确认该造影剂是否适合您。

You may not be able to have the dye if your kidneys aren’t working well. This may be because you:
如果您的肾功能不佳，可能无法使用造影剂。造成这种情况的原因可能包括：

• have diabetes or heart failure
  患有糖尿病或心力衰竭
• are very dehydrated  极度脱水
• are taking medicines that affect your kidneys
  正在服用影响肾功能的药物

A very small number of people may be allergic to the dye. Tell your radiographer before your scan if you have any allergies.
极少数人可能对造影剂过敏。如果您有任何过敏史，请在检查前告知放射技师。

What are the alternatives to an MRI scan?
有哪些替代 MRI 扫描的方法？

If an MRI scan isn’t suitable for you, you may be able to have other tests that create pictures of the inside of your body. These include:
如果核磁共振成像（MRI）不适合您，您可能可以接受其他能生成体内影像的检查。这些包括：

• X-ray – this uses radiation to create a picture
  X 光——利用辐射生成影像
• ultrasound – this uses sound waves to create a picture
  超声波检查——利用声波生成影像
• computerised tomography (CT) scan – this uses X-ray equipment and computer software to create pictures
  计算机断层扫描（CT）——使用 X 光设备和计算机软件生成影像

Your doctor will discuss your options and recommend the best test for you.
您的医生会与您讨论可选方案并推荐最适合您的检查。

What happens during an MRI scan?
在磁共振成像（MRI）检查过程中会发生什么？

You’ll usually have your MRI scan and go home on the same day.
你通常会在同一天接受 MRI 检查并回家。

When you go for your MRI scan, your radiographer will ask you to lay on the scanner table. The table slides into the cylinder-shaped MRI scanner, which contains a magnet. Your position may be adjusted using foam pads. Your radiographer will make sure you’re comfortable and any equipment around you is in a safe place.
当你去做 MRI 检查时，放射技师会让你躺在扫描台上。扫描台会滑入圆柱形的 MRI 扫描仪内，内含磁体。可以用泡沫垫来调整你的体位。放射技师会确保你感到舒适，并且你周围的任何设备都放在安全的位置。

You’ll be told before your scan how long it’s likely to take. You’ll usually need to lie still for about 20 minutes, sometimes with your hands at your sides. Your scan may take longer than this depending on how much of your body is being scanned. You’ll be encouraged to close your eyes and relax as much as possible.
在扫描前会告诉你预计需要多长时间。通常需要静止躺约 20 分钟，有时手需放在身体两侧。根据扫描的身体部位范围，扫描时间可能会更长。会建议你闭上眼睛并尽量放松。

Making the MRI scan more comfortable
使核磁共振扫描更舒适

Your radiographer will operate the MRI scanner from behind a window. They may ask you to hold your breath at certain times during the scan. They’ll be able to see and hear you during the scan, and you can talk to them if you need to. An MRI scanner is very noisy and makes knocking or drilling sounds. This is the sound of the magnetic fields changing during the scan.
您的放射技师将在窗后一侧操作核磁共振（MRI）扫描仪。他们可能会在扫描的某些时刻要求您屏住呼吸。扫描期间他们可以看到并听到您，如果需要，您可以与他们交谈。核磁共振扫描仪噪音很大，会发出敲击或钻孔声。这是扫描过程中磁场变化的声音。

To make an MRI scan more comfortable for you, your radiographer will:
为了让您在接受核磁共振成像（MRI）扫描时更加舒适，放射技师将会：

• talk to you regularly to reassure you and remind you to be as still as possible
  会定期和你交谈以安抚你，并提醒你尽量保持不动
• show you how to use the buzzer if you need to talk to them
  向你演示如何使用呼叫铃以便需要与他们交谈时使用
• give you earplugs or headphones to wear or may play background music for you to listen to if you wish
  会给你耳塞或耳机佩戴，或在你愿意时为你播放背景音乐供你听
• discuss with you what can be done to reduce any anxiety, especially if you have claustrophobia
  与您讨论可以采取的减轻焦虑的措施，尤其是如果您有幽闭恐惧症时

An MRI scan can sometimes increase your body temperature or make you feel warm. If you feel burning or discomfort in any part of your body during the test, tell your radiographer straightaway.
MRI 扫描有时会使体温升高或感觉发热。如果在检查过程中你感到身体任何部位灼热或不适，请立即告诉放射技师。

What to expect afterwards
检查后会怎样

After your MRI scan, you’ll usually be able to go home when you feel ready. You should be able to go back to your normal routine straightaway.
MRI 扫描结束后，通常在你感觉准备好时即可回家。你应该能够立即恢复正常生活。

A radiologist (a doctor who specialises in using imaging methods to diagnose medical conditions) will examine your MRI scans. The results will then be sent to the doctor who requested the test. You’ll have a follow-up appointment to find out the results.
放射科医生（专门使用影像学方法诊断疾病的医生）会检查你的 MRI 扫描结果。随后结果会被发送给申请检验的医生。你将有一次随访预约以了解结果。