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What is a gastroscopy? 什么是胃镜检查？
The procedure is called OesophagoGastroDuodenoscopy (OGD) known more simply as gastroscopy or endoscopy.
该操作称为食管-胃-十二指肠镜检查（OGD），更通俗地称为胃镜或内镜检查。
It involves looking at the upper part of the gut which includes the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and the first part of your small bowel (duodenum) with a narrow flexible tube called a gastroscope.
该检查用于观察上消化道，包括食管、胃以及小肠的第一部分（十二指肠），采用一根称为胃镜的细长可弯曲管进行。
The scope is about the thickness of a little finger and is passed through the mouth and down into the stomach. The procedure is performed by, or under the supervision of, a specially trained doctor or nurse (endoscopist). A light and camera at the end of the gastroscope relay pictures onto a television screen. Samples of tissue (biopsies) may be taken during the test. This is done through the scope. It does not cause any pain and the samples are kept to be looked at under a microscope in the lab. Photographs may be taken for your clinical records and may be used for teaching purposes. The procedure generally takes 5 to 10 minutes.
胃镜大约相当于小指的粗细，从口腔经咽部送入至胃内。该操作由经过专门培训的医生或护士（内镜医师）执行或在其监督下进行。胃镜末端装有光源和摄像头，可将图像传输到电视屏幕上。检查过程中可能会通过内镜取样组织（活检）。此项操作不会引起任何疼痛，取下的样本将送往实验室在显微镜下检查。可能会为您的病历拍照，并用于教学目的。整个过程通常需要 5 到 10 分钟。
We aim to make the procedure as comfortable as possible for you. Some people choose to have sedation (injected into a vein), while others prefer to have local anaesthetic throat spray.
我们力求使您在检查过程中尽可能舒适。有些人选择接受静脉注射镇静剂，而另一些人则更愿意使用局部麻醉喉部喷雾。
What are the benefits of having a gastroscopy?
做胃镜检查有哪些益处？
If you have been troubled by symptoms the cause may be found and help decide if you need treatment or further tests.
如果您有不适症状，可能查明病因并帮助决定是否需要治疗或进一步检查。
Gastroscopy can also be done:
胃镜检查也可用于：
- As a follow up check for certain conditions affecting the stomach or oesophagus
作为某些影响胃或食道的疾病的随访检查 - If a scan or x-ray has shown there may be something wrong in the upper part of the gut, to allow a closer look at the area.
如果扫描或 X 光显示上消化道可能存在问题，以便对该部位进行更近一步的检查。
What are the risks of the procedure?
该手术有哪些风险？
Complications are rare. These may be linked to the procedure itself or the sedation medicine.
并发症罕见。并发症可能与手术本身或镇静药物有关。
Damage to teeth or bridgework may occur. To reduce this risk your teeth will be protected with a mouth guard.
可能会损伤牙齿或牙桥。为降低此风险，您的牙齿将用护齿器保护。
Perforation or tear of the lining of the stomach or oesophagus (about 1 for every 2000 cases). If this happens you may need an operation.
胃或食管黏膜穿孔或撕裂（约每 2000 例中有 1 例）。若发生此情况，您可能需要手术。
Bleeding may happen when a biopsy is taken. It usually stops on its own but may need cauterization or injection treatment. In some cases a blood transfusion may be needed.
取活检时可能发生出血。通常会自行止血，但可能需要电凝或注射止血。在个别情况下可能需要输血。
There is a small chance that a cancer may not be seen.
存在小概率会漏诊癌症。
Sedation can sometimes cause problems with breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. If any of these problems do occur, they are usually short lived. Careful monitoring by a specially trained endoscopy nurse means that potential problems are picked up early and dealt with quickly. The sedation can also cause small food particles to fall into the lungs which can trigger an infection (aspiration pneumonia). That is why it is important for your stomach to be empty.
镇静有时会引起呼吸、心率和血压问题。如果发生，这些问题通常是短暂的。由专门训练的内镜护士进行仔细监测可以及早发现潜在问题并迅速处理。镇静还可能导致少量食物颗粒误入肺部，从而引发感染（吸入性肺炎）。这就是为什么必须确保胃内容物空虚的原因。
In extremely rare cases the procedure can lead to death. Current evidence suggest this may happen in around 1 in every 10,000 examinations.
在极少数情况下，该操作可能导致死亡。现有证据表明大约每 10,000 次检查中可能发生 1 例。
What are the alternatives?
有哪些替代方法？
A barium meal x-ray is an alternative test but this involves some radiation exposure. It does not give the same information as a gastroscopy and biopsies cannot be taken.
钡餐 X 线检查是可替代的检查，但会涉及一定的辐射暴露。它不能提供与胃镜相同的信息，也无法进行活检。
Eating and drinking 进食与饮水
For your safety, to reduce the risk of complications, and give clear views, your stomach must be empty. Do not have anything to eat for at least 6 hours before the test, and only have a light meal before this time. Small amounts of water are allowed up to 2 hours before your appointment time. Other fluids such as milk are NOT allowed (even in tea and coffee) as they coat the stomach. You should have nothing to drink for at least 2 hours before the test. If you do not follow this advice, your procedure will be rearranged.
为保证您的安全、降低并发症风险并获得清晰视野，您的胃必须保持空腹。检查前至少 6 小时不得进食，且在此之前只可进食清淡餐食。可在预约时间前最多 2 小时少量饮水。其他流体如牛奶不允许（即使在茶或咖啡中），因为它们会覆盖胃壁。检查前至少 2 小时不得饮任何液体。如果您不遵守此建议，检查将被重新安排。
If you are having a colonoscopy procedure at the same appointment as your gastroscopy please follow the bowel preparation instructions given in the colonoscopy booklet. You may drink water up to 2 hours before your appointment time.
如果在同一预约中同时进行结肠镜检查和胃镜检查，请按照结肠镜小册子中提供的肠道准备说明进行准备。您可在预约时间前最多 2 小时饮用清水。
What if I take regular medication?
如果我定期服用药物怎么办？
Your routine medication should be taken as usual with a small amount of water.
请像往常一样用少量水服用常规药物。
Acid reducing medication (PPIs or Ranitidine)
减少胃酸的药物（质子泵抑制剂或雷尼替丁）
It is sometimes useful if you stop taking tablets that reduce the acid in your stomach for the 2 weeks before the gastroscopy.
如果在胃镜检查前的两周内停止服用能够减少胃酸的药片，有时会有帮助。
If your symptoms make this difficult or if you are having a follow-up gastroscopy to check the healing of an ulcer or Barrett’s Oesophagus, then please continue your acid reducing medication right up to the procedure.
如果您的症状使此举变得困难，或您是为检查溃疡愈合情况或巴雷特食管（Barrett’s Oesophagus）而进行随访胃镜检查，请在手术前继续服用降酸药物直至检查当天。
Blood thinning medication (anticoagulants)
抗凝药（抗凝血药物）
Sometimes these medications need to be stopped and if this is the case the person who referred you for the test should have given you clear instructions. If you are unsure please contact your consultant’s secretary. For your safety, if the correct instructions are not followed, it may not be possible to do the gastroscopy and you may have to return on another day.
有时需要停用这些药物，如果确实需要停药，为您安排检查的转诊医生应该已经向您提供了明确的说明。如果您不确定，请联系您主治医生的秘书。为保证安全，如果未按正确说明操作，可能无法进行胃镜检查，您可能需要改期再次就诊。
Warfarin: unless you have been advised to stop this medication, continue taking it and have your INR checked within the week before the test. The procedure may be cancelled if your INR has not been checked within the last 7 days. It should be within your target range. If you have been advised to stop your Warfarin you should do so for 5 full days before the procedure and have your INR checked the day before the procedure. It needs to be less than 1.5 for the procedure to go ahead. Please bring your yellow book to the appointment.
华法林：除非已被医嘱停用，否则继续服用并在检查前一周内检查 INR。如果在过去 7 天内未检查 INR，可能会取消手术。INR 应在您的目标范围内。如果已被医嘱停用华法林，应在手术前连续停药 5 天，并在手术前一天检查 INR。INR 需低于 1.5 方可进行手术。请在就诊时携带您的黄色手册。
Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Edoxoban: please do not take on the morning of the procedure. If you have been advised to stop taking this medication you should do so for 2 full days before the procedure.
达比加群（Dabigatran）、利伐沙班（Rivaroxaban）、阿哌沙班（Apixaban）、依多沙班（Edoxoban）：请在检查当日早晨勿服用。如已被建议停用此类药物，应在检查前连续停用 2 整天。
Clopidogrel (Plavix), Prasugrel, Ticagrelor: these medications can generally be continued but if you have been advised to stop you should do so for 5 full days before the procedure.
氯吡格雷（Plavix）、普拉格雷、替格瑞洛：这些药物通常可以继续服用，但如果医生建议停用，则应在手术前完整停用 5 天。
Diabetes 糖尿病
If you have diabetes controlled on insulin or tablets, please make sure the relevant endoscopy appointments’ team is aware so that the appointment can be made towards the beginning of the list. You will find also find advice further down this page.
如果您使用胰岛素或口服药物控制糖尿病，请务必让相关内镜检查预约团队知晓，以便将预约安排在检查清单的前段。本页下方也有进一步的建议。
How long will I be in the Endoscopy department?
我在内镜科需要待多久？
Overall you may expect to be in the department for 1 to 3 hours. The department deals with emergency patients too and they will take priority if needed.
总体上您预计将在科室停留 1 至 3 小时。该科室也处理急诊患者，如有需要他们将优先处理。
What happens when I arrive?
我到达时会发生什么？
When you arrive for your appointment please book in at reception.
到达预约地点后，请在接待处签到。
It is our aim for you to be seen as soon as possible after your arrival. However, if the department is very busy your appointment may be delayed. The department looks after emergency patients who will be seen first if needed.
我们的目标是您到达后尽快就诊。然而，如果科室非常繁忙，您的预约可能会延迟。科室还负责急诊患者，如有需要他们将优先就诊。
A nurse will take you through to the admission room and ask you about your general health to check if you are fit to have the procedure. You will also be asked about your plans for getting home afterwards.
护士会带您到入院室，并询问您的总体健康状况，以确定您是否适合接受该操作。护士还会询问您术后回家的安排。
The nurse will make sure you understand the procedure and discuss any further concerns or questions you may have. If you have not already done so and you are happy to go ahead, you will be asked to sign your consent form.
护士会确保您理解该操作并讨论您可能有的任何进一步顾虑或问题。如果您尚未签署且愿意继续，护士会请您签署知情同意书。
Your blood pressure and heart rate will be checked and if you are having sedation a cannula (small plastic tube) will be inserted into a vein (sometimes this is done in the procedure room).
将为您测量血压和心率；如果您将接受镇静剂，我们会在静脉中插入一根静脉留置针（小塑料管）（有时在手术室内进行）。
What will happen during the procedure?
在操作过程中会发生什么？
The nurse will take you through to the procedure room where you will be able to ask any final questions. If you have any dentures or tongue piercings you will be asked to remove them. Any remaining teeth will be protected by a small plastic mouth guard which will be inserted just before the examination commences.
护士会带您进入手术室，届时您可以提出最后的问题。如果您佩戴假牙或舌钉，工作人员会要求您取下。剩余的牙齿将在检查开始前由一个小塑料牙保护器保护并放入口中。
If you are having local anaesthetic throat spray this will be sprayed onto the back of your throat. It works quickly and will make your tongue and throat feel numb.
如果您将接受局部麻醉喉部喷雾，这种喷雾会喷在咽喉后部。它起效迅速，会使您的舌头和喉咙感到麻木。
You will be asked to lie on your left side and a probe will be placed on your finger to monitor your oxygen levels. You will receive oxygen through the nose and if you are having sedation it will be given into the cannula in your vein. Any saliva or other secretions produced during the procedure will be removed using a small suction tube, like the one used at the dentist.
您将被要求左侧卧，手指上会放置一个探头以监测您的氧饱和度。您将通过鼻子接受供氧，如果进行镇静，药物将通过静脉套管给予。操作过程中产生的任何唾液或其他分泌物将使用一根小吸引管清除，类似于牙医使用的吸管。
The endoscopist will pass the gastroscope into your mouth, down your oesophagus into your stomach and then into your small bowel. Your wind pipe is deliberately avoided so you will be able to breathe normally throughout.
内镜医生会把胃镜从您的口腔插入，经过食道进入胃，然后进入小肠。操作会刻意避开您的气管，因此您在整个过程中能够正常呼吸。
What will happen after the procedure?
手术/检查后会发生什么？
You will be taken to a recovery area where your heart rate, oxygen levels and blood pressure will be monitored. Before you leave the department, the nurse or doctor will explain the findings and if any medication or further tests are required.
您将被带到复苏区，在那里会监测您的心率、血氧水平和血压。在您离开病区之前，护士或医生会向您解释检查结果，以及是否需要任何药物或进一步的检查。
If you have had throat spray you must not have anything to eat or drink for about an hour after the procedure until the sensation in your mouth and throat has returned to normal.
如果您接受了喉部喷雾，手术后大约一小时内不得进食或饮水，直到口腔和喉部的感觉恢复正常。
It is strongly advised that your first drink after the procedure is cold and that you sip it to ensure you do not choke. You will be given more detailed advice about this after the procedure.
强烈建议您在检查后第一次饮用冷饮，并小口啜饮以确保不会呛到。检查结束后会向您提供更详细的相关建议。
Throat spray or conscious sedation?
喉部喷雾还是清醒镇静？
Anaesthetic throat spray and/or conscious sedation are available to improve your comfort during the procedure. Many people choose to undergo the procedure with throat spray alone.
在操作过程中可以使用麻醉咽喉喷雾和/或镇静剂以提高舒适度。许多人选择仅使用咽喉喷雾进行检查。
Anaesthetic throat spray 麻醉咽喉喷雾
This is a local anaesthetic spray which numbs the back of the throat. It has an effect very much like a dental injection.
这是一种局部麻醉喷雾，可使咽喉后部麻木。其效果类似于牙科注射。
If you choose to have only throat spray you can go home on your own almost immediately after the procedure. You are allowed to drive and may carry on as normal, but must not eat or drink for about an hour afterwards until the sensation in your throat is back to normal.
如果您只选择喉部喷雾麻醉，术后几乎可以立即自行回家。您允许驾驶并可照常活动，但在约一小时内不得进食或饮水，直到喉部感觉恢复正常。
Intravenous conscious sedation
静脉镇静
The sedation is administered into a vein in your hand or arm just before the start of the procedure. This will not make you go to sleep but should help you to feel more relaxed.
镇静药在手或臂部的静脉中注入，于检查开始前给药。此药不会使您完全入睡，但应有助于您感到更加放松。
It is important that you are awake for the procedure so that you are able to follow simple instructions.
在检查过程中保持清醒很重要，以便您能够遵从简单指示。
Please note if you have sedation into the vein, you will need someone to accompany you home and stay for at least 4 hours and if possible overnight. You are not allowed to take part in the following activities for 24 hours afterwards:
请注意，如果您接受静脉注射镇静剂，回家时需要有人陪同并且至少陪护 4 小时，如可能请过夜陪护。术后 24 小时内您不得参与以下活动：
- Drive a vehicle 驾驶车辆
- Go to work 上班
- Look after children on your own
独自照看孩子 - Operate heavy / dangerous machinery
操作重型/危险机械 - Drink alcohol 饮酒
- Sign legally binding documents
签署具有法律约束力的文件
Guidance for people with diabetes
糖尿病患者指南
Treatment by diet alone 仅靠饮食控制的治疗
If you control your diabetes with diet alone, you simply need to follow the instructions given earlier in this booklet to prepare for your gastroscopy.
如果您仅靠饮食控制糖尿病，只需按照本手册前面给出的说明为胃镜检查做好准备。
Treatment with tablets and/or insulin
口服药物和/或胰岛素治疗
You should inform the endoscopy appointments team about your diabetes and ask for a morning appointment.
您应告知内镜预约团队您患有糖尿病，并要求安排上午的预约。
Adjusting your diabetes medication to prevent hypoglycaemia
调整糖尿病药物以预防低血糖
You may need to adjust your diabetes medication on the day of the procedure to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia (‘hypo’ or low blood sugar level). As a result your blood sugar may be a little higher than usual but this is only temporary to maintain your blood sugars during the procedure and you should be back to your usual level within 24 to 48 hours. If needed please contact the Specialist Diabetes Nursing Team on 01522 573074 well in advance of the appointment for advice.
在检查当天，您可能需要调整糖尿病药物以降低低血糖（“低血”或血糖过低）发生的风险。因此，您的血糖可能会比平时略高，但这只是为了在检查期间维持血糖的临时措施，通常在 24 至 48 小时内会恢复到原有水平。如有需要，请在预约前提前联系专家糖尿病护理团队，电话：01522 573074，寻求建议。
Carrying glucose to treat hypoglycaemia
携带葡萄糖以治疗低血糖
On the day of the procedure carry glucose tablets in case of hypoglycaemia. These are absorbed quickly through the tissues of the mouth and if sucked they will not interfere with the procedure. If you have symptoms of low blood sugar suck 4 to 6 tablets initially, followed by a further 4 to 6 if your blood sugar is still low after 10 minutes.
在手术当天携带葡萄糖片以防低血糖。这些通过口腔黏膜迅速吸收，含服不会影响操作。如果出现低血糖症状，先含服 4 至 6 片；若 10 分钟后血糖仍偏低，再含服另外 4 至 6 片。
Blood glucose monitoring 血糖监测
If you usually test your blood sugar level, check it as usual on the morning of the procedure and bring your equipment with you to the appointment. If you do not usually test your blood, do not worry, your blood sugar will be checked when you arrive for the procedure.
如果您平时测量血糖，请在手术当天早上照常测量，并将您的设备带到预约地点。如果您平时不测血糖，请不用担心，您到达进行手术时会为您检查血糖。
Please report to the nursing staff if you have needed glucose before arriving for your appointment and tell them immediately if you feel ‘hypo’ at any time during your visit
如果您在到达预约地点之前需要补充过葡萄糖，请向护理人员报告；在您就诊期间任何时候如果感觉“低血糖”，请立即告知他们。
Instructions for your appointment
您的预约说明
Morning appointment 上午预约
If you take tablets for your diabetes (no insulin):
如果您口服降糖药（非胰岛素）：
- You should have nothing to eat for at least 6 hours before the procedure but may have small drinks of water up to 2 hours before the procedure. If you feel ‘hypo’ suck glucose tablets (do not chew)
在检查前至少 6 小时不得进食，但可在检查前 2 小时内少量饮用清水。如果感觉低血糖，请含服葡萄糖片（不要咀嚼） - You may need to adjust your diabetes medication. If unsure please contact the specialist diabetes nursing team for advice on 01522 573074.
您可能需要调整糖尿病药物。如不确定，请联系专科糖尿病护理团队咨询，电话：01522 573074。
If you are on insulin:
如果您正在使用胰岛素：
- You should have nothing to eat for 6 hours before the procedure but you may have small drinks of water up to 2 hours before the procedure. If you feel ‘hypo’ suck glucose tablets (do not chew)
在手术前 6 小时内不应进食，但可在手术前最多 2 小时少量饮水。如果感到“低血糖”，请含服葡萄糖片（不要咀嚼） - You will need to adjust your morning insulin dose. If you are unsure please contact the diabetes nursing team for advice on 01522 573074.
您需要调整早晨的胰岛素剂量。如果不确定，请致电 01522 573074 联系糖尿病护理团队寻求建议。
Afternoon appointment 下午预约
If you take tablets for diabetes (no insulin)
如果您服用降糖药（不使用胰岛素）
- You should have nothing to eat for at least 6 hours before the procedure but you may have small drinks of water up to 2 hours before the procedure. If you feel ‘hypo’ suck glucose tablets (do not chew)
在手术/检查前至少 6 小时内不得进食，但可在检查前最多 2 小时喝少量清水。如果感觉低血糖，请含服葡萄糖片（不要咀嚼） - You may need to adjust your diabetes medication. If you are unsure please contact the specialist diabetes nursing team for advice on 01522 573074.
您可能需要调整糖尿病用药。如果不确定，请致电 01522 573074 联系专科糖尿病护理团队以获取建议。
If you are on insulin
如果您正在使用胰岛素
- You should have nothing to eat for 6 hours before the procedure but you may have small drinks of water until 2 hours before the procedure. If you feel hypoglycaemic suck glucose tablets (do not chew)
在检查前 6 小时内不得进食，但在检查前 2 小时内可以少量饮水。如果感到低血糖，请含服葡萄糖片（不要咀嚼） - You may need to reduce your usual insulin dose. If you are unsure please contact the specialist diabetes nursing team for advice on 01522 573074.
您可能需要减少常用的胰岛素剂量。如有不确定，请致电 01522 573074 联系专业糖尿病护理团队寻求建议。
What must I remember? 我需要记住什么？
- If you are unable to keep your appointment please notify the endoscopy department as soon as possible
如果您无法按时就诊，请尽快通知内镜科 - Follow the instructions about food and drink given on page 6 or your procedure may be postponed
请遵照第 6 页关于饮食的指示，否则您的手术可能会被推迟 - It is our aim for you to be seen as soon as possible after your arrival. However, the department is very busy and your appointment may be delayed. If emergencies occur, these patients will be seen before less urgent cases
我们会尽量在您到达后尽快为您看诊。然而，科室工作繁忙，您的预约可能会被延迟。如遇急诊情况，急诊患者将优先于不那么紧急的病例就诊 - If you have sedation please arrange for someone to collect you and someone to stay overnight if possible
如果您接受镇静，请安排人员来接您，并尽可能安排有人过夜陪护 - The hospital cannot accept any responsibility for the damage to personal property during your time on the premises.
医院对您在院期间个人财物的损坏不承担任何责任
If you have any questions or concerns, or are worried about any symptoms you experience after the test, you may ring the enquiry numbers on the front cover of this booklet. Out of hours please contact the NHS non-emergency service on 111.
如有任何疑问或顾虑，或对检查后出现的任何症状感到担忧，您可拨打本手册封面上的咨询电话。非工作时间请致电 NHS 非紧急服务 111。